RESUMO
Burkholderia pseudomallei, the causative agent of melioidosis, has not yet been reported in Timor-Leste, a sovereign state northwest of Australia. In the context of improved access to diagnostic resources and expanding clinical networks in the Australasian region, we report the first 3 cases of culture-confirmed melioidosis in Timor-Leste. These cases describe a broad range of typical presentations, including sepsis, pneumonia, multifocal abscesses, and cutaneous infection. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the Timor-Leste isolates belong to the Australasian clade of B. pseudomallei, rather than the Asian clade, consistent with the phylogeographic separation across the Wallace Line. This study underscores an urgent need to increase awareness of this pathogen in Timor-Leste and establish diagnostic laboratories with improved culture capacity in regional hospitals. Clinical suspicion should prompt appropriate sampling and communication with laboratory staff to target diagnostic testing. Local antimicrobial guidelines have recently been revised to include recommendations for empiric treatment of severe sepsis.
RESUMO
Objetivo: descrever as principais causas da rejeição de rim em pacientes transplantados apontadas pela literatura. Metodologia: trata-se de um estudo de revisão. A coleta de dados foi realizada na Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde e na Scientific Electronic Library Online. Para a seleção dos estudos, adotaram-se os seguintes critérios de elegibilidade: artigos no formato texto completo e publicado em língua portuguesa. Foram excluídos os estudos que abordavam a rejeição em outros tipos de transplantes. Resultados: a partir da análise dos estudos evidencia-se que as complicações cardiovasculares, digestivas, tumorais e infecciosas estão com maior incidência entre os pacientes transplantados e que a causa relaciona-se com a terapia imunossupressora. Conclusão: acredita-se que o estudo possa contribuir para as boas práticas assistenciais a tal clientela, e que assim se possam implementar medidas preventivas embasadas nas melhores evidências científicas.
Objective: to describe the main causes of kidney rejection in transplanted patients mentioned at the literature. Methodology: this is a review study. Data collection was carried out in the Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences and the Scientific Electronic Library Online. In order to select the studies, the following eligibility criteria were adopted: articles in full text format and published in Portuguese. Studies addressing rejection in other types of transplants were excluded. Results: from the analysis of the studies it is evident that cardiovascular, digestive, tumor and infectious complications are more frequent among transplanted patients and that the cause is related to immunosuppressive therapy. Conclusion: it is believed that the study can contribute to the good practices of assistance to such clientele, and so that preventive measures based on the best scientific evidence can be implemented.
